IDENTIFICATION OF EXCESSIVE SCREEN TIME IN LEARNING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC

The shift to fully online learning in higher education due to COVID-19 pandemic has caused the increase of screen-based activities, including learning engagement in the learning management system (LMS). As a result, they may experience excessive screen time (EST). While many studies on screen time adopt a self-report or survey approach, there is lack of attention
by scholars in identifying EST based on actual online learning engagement in higher education. Therefore, this study adopted educational data mining (EDM) with box-plot visualisation to identify outliers as indicators of excessive user screen time. The findings show that there are more than 10% of students and instructors who are classified as EST users. To conclude, this
study has shed light for higher education on the call for a new policy, quality standard and guideline on how healthy online
learning engagement should be effectively monitored to mitigate associated risks with EST towards sustainable development goals.